Paul explains the difference between physiologic insulin resistance and pathologic insulin resistance. He explains what happens in fat cells to cause metabolic dysfunction.
So let’s just break this down a little further what is insulin resistance i don’t like the term insulin resistance because there is such thing as physiologic insulin resistance and pathologic insulin resistance i like the term metabolic dysfunction physiologic insulin resistance is physiologic it’s normal it’s quote unquote healthy there’s no disorder there it’s what
Happens when you’re not eating because you’re in the field on deployment when i’m you know if i’m you know if i’m fasting for two days i’m gonna get physiologically insulin resistant a year and a half of a carnivore diet with no carbohydrates physiologic insulin resistance raising my fasting blood sugar right that’s a normal process in a human metabolic dysfunction
Not a normal process in a human that is what happens when you are eating carbohydrates and your muscle is refusing them physiologic insulin resistance is you have no carbohydrates so your body is sparing glucose for other tissues of the body does that make sense makes sense so metabolic dysfunction is you are eating carbohydrates and your body’s like no we don’t want
Those because insulin is being released but all the tissues of your body are saying we’re not listening to you insulin in physiologic insulin resistance certain tissues are saying we’re not listening to you because we’re sparing glucose for the other tissues metabolic dysfunction i’m saying this twice just to make it very clear is essentially all the tissues of the
Human body are saying we’re not listening to insulin we need an insulin levels have to go higher and higher and higher this is the progression to type 2 diabetes and the pancreas gets exhausted because the beta cells and the pancreas can’t make any more insulin this is obviously oversimplified but the insulin goes higher and higher and higher because the cells of
The body whether it’s muscle or fat or brain or liver are saying we’re not listening to you insulin we are insulin resistant so it’s very important that we differentiate pathologic versus physiologic insulin resistance and that pathological insulin resistance is a state of metabolic dysfunction so what is happening there it’s not carbohydrates there are competing
Schools of thought i’ve had people on my podcast and had friendly debates with them but i think it’s very very clear that it is not that insulin induced insulin resistance is essentially unheard of the carbohydrate theory of insulin resistance would say that oh people are eating too many carbohydrates therefore it’s too much insulin and eventually your body just
Shuts off i think that’s a falsehood like you couldn’t do that without a constant iv of sugar into your body like you know even if you’re eating you would essentially have to be eating cheetos and corn chips like 20 hours a day and then in the four hours you’re not your body would start to shut off and like recite you know like recycle you gotta sleep sometime
You know what are you waking up every two hours in the middle of the night and eating eating junk food i’m sure people some people do that and maybe for those but the majority of people on the planet they’re probably eating 12 hours a day 14 hours a day and they might be stretching insulin producing foods throughout that time but i don’t believe insulin-induced
Insulin resistance meaning excess carbohydrates even if they’re processed is the main driver of long-term metabolic dysfunction in humans it’s something deeper it’s something hormonal and that i think is driven by seed oil so that’s the that’s the statement that i will make this podcast i think that long-term chronic insulin resistance aka metabolic dysfunction
Is driven by excess linoleic acid in seed oils and that comes from both excess linoleic acid and excess linoleic acid breakdown products how does that happen again hopefully that’s not too technical so far it happens at the level of the fat cells the fat cells are where everything that’s the epicenter of metabolic dysfunction for people your adipose tissues so
Everybody has adipose even a guy like you super lean you have adipose you know you have adipose tissue around your organs inside your peritoneum this is called visceral adipose tissue you have adipose tissue on the back of your arm adipose issue in your glutes a little bit of adipose tissue everywhere we have we all have adipose tissue subcutaneous or visceral
Inside the peritoneum adipose tissue and that adipose tissue is more than just a bag of fat it’s hormonal it’s a cell if you look at a fat cell it has a nucleus it has mitochondria it sends out adipocytes fat cells are a gland they’re essentially like you know how the thyroid gland sends out thyroid hormones fat cells send out hormones to the rest of your body we
Call these adipocytes and they send out cytokines which are signaling signaling molecules so fat is an organ and it’s an endocrine organ it’s like your testicles or ovaries in a woman or any other organ in your body like your adrenals that sends out hormones the fat cell is an organ and it sends out it’s an endocrine organ it sends out these hormones which we call
Like i said adipocytes so the fat cell gets broken by excess linoleic acid well that kind of makes sense because linoleic acid is fat and where do you store it you store it in the fat cells so you’re not storing excess linoleic acid in the liver until you get very diseased not storing excess linoleic acid in the muscle until you get very diseased originally you’re
Storing excess linoleic acid in the fat cells so this is where this fat linoleic acid concentrates it’s concentrating in an endocrine organ and then what happens from there this is actually the really fascinating part of this so because i think there’s good evidence to suggest that because of the breakdown products of linoleic acid these are called ox lambs oxidative
Products of linoleic acid metabolism they have horrible names but i’ll say them just so people have heard these words four hydroxynonenol 13 hode which we call 13 hode so 4h and e 13 hode are the main ox lamps this is what we talked about earlier linoleic acid breaking down into products of oxidation and those are very problematic these molecules specifically 13
Hoed and 4h and e have been implicated in so many problematic things in the human body increase rates of cancer basically breaking mitochondria breaking fat cells so how does this work the fat cells like all the other cells of your body can do two things when they grow they can have one cell that gets bigger we call that hypertrophy or they can divide we call that
Hyperplasia okay so that’s really important because what happens to a fat cell when this fat cell is full of excess linoleic acid and full of excess for h and e it breaks the molecular the genetic mechanism the fat cell and the fat cell as it wants to expand it won’t divide it just gets bigger and bigger and bigger you ever seen that guy in money python the super
Fat guy who just keeps eating and then finally they put a little thing on his tongue and he explodes yep yeah it’s kind of like that like your fat cells probably want to divide they’re like worth over full we are getting stuffed right now with fat we’re getting stuffed with calories or even sugar can get in there you know so the stat cells want to grow but because
Of the 4-h and e and there’s really good studies that show this when you add 4 hne to fat cells those fat cells get broken they can’t divide they hypertrophy they don’t hyperplasia and what do we know this is super important what do we know about fat cells in people with metabolic dysfunction they’re broken they’re hypertrophied they’re big and fat and they’re
Not hyperplastic they haven’t divided so the actual pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction is fat cells that can’t divide how do we get that for hne that’s exactly how you get that that’s been shown in humans it’s been shown in animal trials it’s so clear and so how do you get more 4-h and e well you could probably get more 4-h any by stuffing more linoleic acid
Into your fat cells so this is super fascinating i don’t know why it’s not talked about more it’s fairly technical but fat cells that are broken then send out hormones that are broken they send out adipicons they send out cytokines they get macrophage infiltration of the fat cells you get inflammation so as these fat cells get bigger and bigger and bigger and
They can’t divide because of this 4-h e that is changing the molecular biology of these fat cells they start spewing out inflammatory mediators adipocytes hormones which then go to the rest of your body and that i believe is the most that is really a super compelling hypothesis for what’s going on with metabolic dysfunction we see all of that happening so what
Do we see in people with metabolic dysfunction we see adipocynes that are off we see free fatty acids in the blood free fatty acids in the blood and the adipocytes are then going to signal to the liver to the muscle to everything hey be insulin resistant be insulin resistant and but you don’t want to be because you’re still getting glucose but the fat cells are
Broken they’re broken because of excess linoleic acid they’re broken because of excess 4h and e coming from the linoleic acid but then they’re sending out these signals to the rest of the body saying be insulin resistant that’s pathologic insulin resistance and then the rest of the body says hey i’m getting a signal i should be insulin resistant whether it’s the
Liver whether it’s the muscle and then you have a problem because the rest of the body says we don’t want insulin we’re not going to respond whether it’s the kidney the liver the muscle and then what do you have you have rising levels of glucose as a a downstream event you know but originally it starts in the fat cell and it starts with 4h and e and these ox lambs
That are completely breaking the fat cells
Transcribed from video
What is insulin resistance/metabolic dysfunction? By CarnivoreMD
